Hormone

Title: Hormone

Group Member:

No.	Name	Matric Number
1.	Amirul Fakhree bin Bacho	BS14110150
2.	Chelsea Daphne Charles	BS14110207
3.	Chong Hai Li	BS14110226
4.	Vitarich Julan Kulleh	BS14110900

No.	Term	Definition
1.	Abscisic Acid	Abscisic acid (ABA) is often referred to as a inhibitory rather than stimulatory hormone. It is involved in the closure of stomata, bud and seed dormancy and is known to inhibit other hormonal action
2.	Acromegaly	It is the results from excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults, usually the result of benign pituitary tumours.
3.	Adreneline	A hormone secreted by adrenal glands during stress condition, increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing and carbohydrate metabolism and preparing muscles for exertion.
4.	Adrenocorticotropic	A hormone that stimulates secretion of adrenal cortical hormones such as cortisol.
5.	Aldosterone	A hormone that maintains proper balance of sodium and potassium ions
6.	Antidiuretic (ADH)	A hormone that stimulates reabsorption of water and conserves water.
7.	Auxins	A plant hormone that cause elongation of cells in shoots and involved in regulating the growth of plant.
8.	Calcitonin	A hormone that lowers the blood calcium level by inhibiting loss of calcium from bone.
9.	Cortisol	It is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones. Its functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, to suppress the immune system, and to aid in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. It also decreases bone formation.

10.	Cytokinins	Hormone that are produced in the roots, stimulate growth and have anti-aging effects.
11.	Dopamine	A monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as drug (trade names Dopastat and intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotesion.
12.	Endocrine glands	A gland that secretes hormone by endocrine system directly into the bloodstream.
13.	Endocrine system	Collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood.
14.	Epinephrine	Most commonly known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Cause either smooth muscle relaxation in the airways or contraction of the smooth muscle in arterioles, which results in blood vessel constriction in the kidney, decreasing or inhibiting blood flow to the nephrons.
15.	Erythropoietin	A hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues.
16.	Estradiol	A hormone that stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics in females
17.	Ethylene	A hormone produced in fruits, flowers and aging leaves that promote fruit ripening.
18.	Follicle-stimulating	It stimulates spermatogenesis in males and stimulates development of ovarian follicles in females.
19.	Giantism	It is the result of excessive growth hormone secretion that begins in young children or adolescents. It is a very rare disorder, usually resulting from a tumor of somatotropes.
20.	Gibberellins	It is a hormone produced in meristems of stems and roots that help regulate stem elongation.
21.	Glucagon	A peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Its effect is opposite that of insulin, which lowers the glucose
22.	Growth hormone	A hormone which stimulates growth in animal or plant cells, especially in animals that secreted by pituitary glands.
23.	Homeostasis	A tendency of equilibrium or stability in the normal physiological states of the organism.
24.	Hormone	Any various chemicals made by living cells that influence the development, growth, sex, etc of an animal and carried around the body in the blood.
25.	Insulin	A hormone produced in the pancreas by the islet of Langerhans that regulate the amount of glucose in the blood.
26.	Kisspeptin	Made in the hypothalamus, is an important hormone that starts the release of several other hormones. Also called metastin, this interesting hormone is connected to puberty and may also help stop the spread of cancer.
27.	Leptin	A hormone released from the fat cells located in adipose tissues, sends signals to the hypothalamus in the brain. It regulates and alters long-term food intake and energy expenditure. The primary design of leptin is to help the body maintain its weight.
28.	Lipid soluble-hormone	A lipophilic hormone that passes through the plasma membrane of a cell, binds an intracellular receptor, and changes gene expression.
29.	Luteinizing	A hormone that stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation in females and produce the secretion of testosterone in male.
30.	Melanocyte-stimulating	A hormone that stimulates colour change in reptiles and amphibians.
31.	Melatonin	It Influences pigmentation in some vertebrates and onset of puberty in humans and control biorhythms in some animals.
32.	Monoamines	The monoamines are hormones derived from aromatic amino acids such as phenylaline, tyrosine and tryptophan and are involved in neurotransmission.
33.	Neurotransmitter	A substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.
34.	Norepinephrine	A hormone that initiates stress responses, raises heart rate, metabolic rate, dilate blood vessels, mobilize fat and glucose level in the body.
35.	Oestrogen	A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by an organ, gland or special cells, which are carried through the bloodstream to regulate the activity of certain organs.
36.	Oxytocin	A hormone that stimulates contraction and stimulates milk ejection of mother.
37.	Parathyroid	A hormone that raises blood calcium level by stimulating bone breakdown, stimulate calcium reabsorption in kidneys and activates vitamin D in the body.
38.	Peptide hormones	The peptide hormones are proteins composed of amino acid chains.
39.	Phototropism	The orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either toward the light (positive phototropism) or away from light (negative phototropism).
40.	Pituitary gland	The master gland of the endocrine system and it is located at the base of the brain.
41.	Plant growth regulators	An organic compound that modifies or control one or more specific physiological processes within a plant.
42.	Progesterone	Progesterone is similar to oestrogen but is not considered the main sex hormone. Like oestrogen, it assists with the menstrual cycle and plays a role in pregnancy.
43.	Prolactin	A hormone that stimulates milk production.
44.	Prostaglandins	Prostaglandins are hormones created during a chemical reaction at the site where an injury or other issue occurs. They are not secreted from a gland, but are created at the time they are needed directly where the problem exists.
45.	Steroid	They are lipids because they are hydrophobic and insoluble in water, but they do not resemble lipids since they have a structure composed of four fused rings.
No.	Term	Definition
46.	Testosterone	A male hormone but women still produce small amounts of it in their ovaries. Testosterone is produced by the ovaries and helps to regulate sex drive (libido), energy and mental state.
47.	Thymus	This gland plays a role in the function of the adaptive immune system and the maturity of the thymus, and produces T-cells.
48.	Thyroid gland	A butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of the neck and releases hormones that control metabolism.
49.	Thyroxin	A hormone that stimulates metabolic rate, essential to normal growth and development.
50.	Vasopressin	A pituitary hormone that acts to promote the retention of water by the kidneys and increase blood pressure.

 Reference

Boundless. “Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.” Boundless Biology. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. At: https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/osmotic-regulation-and-the-excretory-system-41/hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions-232/epinephrine-and-norepinephrine-867-12114/. Accessed on 23 October 2016.

Boundless. “Mechanisms of Hormone Action.” Boundless Anatomy and Physiology. Boundless, 21 Sep. 2016. At:  https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/hormones-150/mechanisms-of-hormone-action-774-807/. Accessed on 23 October 2016.

Boundless. “Steroids.” Boundless Biology. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. At:  https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/biological-macromolecules-3/lipids-55/steroids-301-11434/. Accessed on 23 October 2016.

Bridget Brast MD, FACS. 2016. Thyroid Gland, How it Functions, Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism. At: http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid-nodules/thyroid-gland-controls-bodys-metabolism-how-it-works-symptoms-hyperthyroi. Accessed on 27 October 2016.

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Paul L. Marino. 2007. The ICU Book. Lippincott Williams & Wikins.

R. Bowen. 2006. Growth Hormone(Somatotropin). At: http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/gh.html. Accessed on 23 October 2016.

Robert R.A., Trudy F.C. 2009. Behavioral Genetics. Academic Press.

The McGraw-Hill Higher Education. The Endocrine System. At: www.mhhe.com/raven/resource28.mhtml. Accessed on 27 October 2016.

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