Tan Mei Ling BS14110838
Ma Leixi BS14170002
Nur Amirah Farhanah bt Zanal Abdin BS 14110631
Fared Duis@Dawis BS12110150
1
|
Accumulation
|
The gradually increasing in number
or amount of something over a long period of time.
|
2
|
Apex consumer
|
Consumer with few
to know predator of their own, residing at the top of their food chain
|
3
|
Apex predator
|
a species that kills and eats other
animals, but has virtually no predators of its own
|
4
|
Agent
Orange
|
Herbicide - Used
to kill trees in Cambodia during the Vietnam War. Caused cancers in soldiers
|
5
|
Biological half-life
|
The time required for the activity
of a substance taken into the body to lose one half its initial
effectiveness.
|
6
|
Biomagnification
|
1) The tendency of
pollutants to concentrate as they move from one trophic level to the next.
2) A process in which chemical substances become
more concentrated at each higher trophic level
|
7
|
Biomonitoring
|
Biological responses to assess
changes in the environment, generally changes due to anthropogenic causes.
Biomonitoring programs may be qualitative, semi-quantitative, or
quantitative.
|
8
|
Carnivore
|
An animal that gets food from
killing and eating other animals. They eat herbivores, but can eat omnivores,
and occasionally other carnivores. Act as predators in food chain.
|
9
|
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
|
A very large and diverse group of
organic molecules
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are
specific hydrocarbon molecules that also have atoms of the element chlorine
chemically bonded to them.
|
10
|
Concentration
|
The amount of a component in a
given area or volume
|
11
|
Crops
|
Plants such as a grain, fruit, or vegetable
grown in large amounts
|
12
|
Contaminants
|
Something that makes a place or a
substance (such as water, air, or food) no longer suitable for use or
something that contaminates a place or substance
|
13
|
Dieldrin
|
Chemicals that are made in the
laboratory and do not occur naturally in the environment and once used as
insecticides. A kind of biomagnified
toxicant.
|
14
|
Ecosystem
|
A system form by
an ecological community and its environment that function as a unit
|
15
|
Ecological pyramid
|
Diagrams that are
used to show how much energy, number of organisms, or how much biomass may be
found at each trophic level of all the food webs of a community
|
16
|
Fertilizers
|
A natural or chemical substance
that is spread on the land or given to plants, to make plants grow well
|
17
|
Food chain
|
A single path of energy through a
food web. Each organism occupies a different trophic
level, defined by how many energy transfers separate it from the basic input
of the chain.
|
18
|
Food web
|
Feeding connections between
organisms in a biotic community. Consist of
many interconnected food chains and are more realistic representation of
consumption relationships in ecosystems.
|
19
|
Food-web accumulation
|
Tendency of certain chemicals to
occur in their largest concentration in predators at the top of the
ecological food web. As such, chemicals such as DDT, PCBs, and mercury in the
aquatic environment have their largest concentrations in predators, in
comparison with the non-living environment, or with plants and herbivores.
|
20
|
Herbivore
|
An animal that gets its energy from
eating plants, and only plants. Many herbivores have special digestive
systems that let them digest all kinds of plants, including grasses
|
21
|
Hyperaccumulation
|
A syndrome in which a chemical is
bioaccumulated to an extraordinary degree.
|
22
|
Invasive species
|
An invasive species
can be any kind of living organism, plant, insect, fish, fungus, bacteria, or
even an organism’s seeds or eggs that is not native to an ecosystem and which
causes harm. They can harm the environment, the economy or even, human
health.
|
23
|
Magnify
|
To make (something) appear larger
|
24
|
Malformation
|
1)A structural defect in the body
due to abnormal embryonic or fetal development.
2) A condition in which part of the
body does not have the normal or expected shape
|
25
|
Mercury
|
Global contaminant and toxicant of
major concern for both wildlife and humans.
A kind of biomagnified toxicant.
|
26
|
Metabolize
|
To change (food) into a form that
can be used by your body and to process and use (substances brought into your
body) by metabolism
|
27
|
Metals
|
Any of various opaque, fusible,
ductile, and typically lustrous substances that are good conductors of
electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic
oxides and hydroxides
|
28
|
Nickel
|
A chemical element that is a
silver-white metal and also a kind of biomagnified toxicant. Its atomic
number is 28.
|
29
|
Omnivore
|
A kind of animal that eats either
other animals or plants. Omnivores eat plants, but not all kinds of plants,
they can't digest some of the substances in grains or other plants that do
not produce fruit.
|
30
|
Organisms
|
An individual living thing, also
known as an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
|
31
|
Persistence
|
The state of occurring or existing
beyond the usual, expected, or normal time
|
32
|
Pesticides
|
Substances meant for attracting,
seducing, and then destroying any pest. Pesticides can be used to control a
variety of pests, such as insects, weeds, rats and mice, bacteria and mold,
and more.
|
33
|
Photosynthesis
|
Process by which plants convert
carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into carbohydrates
|
34
|
Poisoning
|
A substance that through its
chemical action usually kills, injures, or impairs an organism
|
35
|
Pollutants
|
High concentrations of toxic
chemicals found in the environment.
|
36
|
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
(PBDEs)
|
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDEs) are flame-retardant chemicals that are added to plastics and foam
products to make them difficult to burn.
|
37
|
Primary consumers
|
An animal that eats plants and
therefore changes the energy from the sun that is stored in plants into meat
that can be eaten by other animals
|
38
|
Producer
|
An autotrophic organism (as a green
plant) viewed as a source of biomass that can be consumed by other organisms
|
39
|
Red tide
|
Red tide is a
phenomenon caused by algal blooms during which algae become so numerous that they
discolor coastal waters. The algal bloom may also deplete oxygen in the
waters and/or release toxins that may cause illness in humans and other
animals.
|
40
|
Selenium
|
An important essential
trace-element for metabolic activity of all life forms that have nervous
systems that acts as a protective agent against the toxicity of mercury. A
kind of biomagnified toxicant.
|
41
|
Susceptible
|
Easily affected, influenced or
harmed by something
|
42
|
Species
|
An individual belonging to a group
of organisms (or the entire group itself) having common characteristics and
(usually) are capable of mating with one another to produce fertile
offspring.
|
43
|
Tertiary Consumer
|
A carnivore at the topmost level in
a food chain that feeds on other carnivores or an animal that feeds only on
secondary consumers.
|
44
|
Tissues
|
Any of the distinct types of
material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells
and their products.
|
45
|
Toxin
|
A poisonous substance and
especially one that is produced by a living thing
|
46
|
Trace element
|
Any chemical element required by
living organisms in minute amounts
|
47
|
Threshold level
|
The point or level at which
something begins or changes
|
48
|
Trophic cascade
|
An ecological phenomenon triggered
by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes
in the relative populations of predator and prey through a food chain,
|
49
|
Unintentional by-products
|
Something produced in a usually
industrial or biological process in addition to the principal product and
happening by chance
|
50.
|
Biomagnification factor
|
Derived
from field measurements of the levels of contaminants in naturally occurring
biota, for characterizing the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals
|
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